My Super Mass Collision Theory of the Universe

     by
       John M. Bowers

Dedicated to: Joan. "The brightest star in my universe."

Quote: “Science does not know its debt to imagination.” ~ Emerson

Introduction
     The following essay is to introduce my ‘Super Mass Collision’ Theory of the Universe. It may well turn into a dissertation as I continue to examine and include more material related to this topic.
     I have added a few light-hearted fictional scenarios that compare or contrast my position in relation to the widely accepted Big Bang Theory. So please enjoy this rather side-show style as I set forth my musings about the Cosmos. 

 
  Overview  
    I herein declare that the universe is a pre-existing condition and may not be covered by all insurance providers. Well, seriously … let’s start with a basic review of the most tested and refined theory of the origin of the universe, The Big Bang Theory.
It has some flaws. Formulated in 1927 in an article written by Georges-Henri Lemaitre, a Belgian Catholic Priest and astronomer entitled “ A homogeneous Universe of constant mass and growing radius accounting for the radial velocity (radial velocity: Velocity along the line of sight toward or away from the observer) of extragalactic nebulae“, predicted that the universe was expanding. Not expanding into a vacuum, but that space was expanding and along with it, time also came into being.
     After the articles translation to English and gaining some notoriety since then, Georges Lemaitre then proposed his “hypothesis of the Primeval Atom“ from which all matter sprang forth. Notable physicists such as George Gamow and Ralph Alpher refined this theory with their research into primordial (Big Bang) nucleosynthesis. Albert Einstein later praised and ascribed to Lemaitre’s theory.
     Ironically, English astronomer and mathematician Sir Fredrick Hoyle, 1915 - 2001, who was a firm believer in the ’Steady State’ universe, in a March 1949 BBC interview, referred to Lemaitre’s research as …..”that big bang thing”. The phrase stuck, much to Mr. Hoyle’s consternation.
     The basic tenants here are that the universe can be extrapolated back through chalk board size equations to an infinitesimally small spot, before time and space began. All of a sudden, like a cat leaping from behind a potted plant, matter started flying out of this tiny spot like hotdog wrappers at a NASCAR race!
Scientist are not saying that something evolved from nothing. That would be a creationist view that a transcendent God would have brought this about. Their calculations only predict that it was an infinitely small area a billion times smaller than an atom that contained a monstrous amount of matter.
     When they use the description of matter being in an “infinitely small area“, they are inferring that you can’t imagine an area smaller, so that would put a sock on that argument.
Another door that the Big Bang Theory does not want you to enter is: if more than one of these infinitesimally small units of matter also existed, wouldn’t their weight, density and gravitational attraction eventually pull them together forming another major Bang? Not possible they would say, because space also expanded along with the Bang and there wouldn’t have been any available parking spots for other infinitely small units of extremely dense matter to have parked. Stopped again.

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Things I Learned While Growing Up in the Milky Way

   During a grade school science lesson, my teacher explained that before time began, there was nothing and nobody. She held her arms straight out from her sides to depict how large the universe was now, then pinched her fingers almost closed to show how teensy weensy of a spot that the universe emerged from. To make it sound more sciencey, she added “in a fraction of a millisecond !”
  I saw a video a short awhile back of a teacher describing the Big Bang with the same hand gestures as my teacher used 45 years ago.
I’ve carried this puzzling snippet of information with me since then, never finding a good fit for it. Something has always been the result of something else, even if I never knew the cause. This premise always seemed to me, more of fable than fact.

 A Fairytale: The End of Nothing (and Nobody)

     Once upon a time, there was a King named Nobody.
Nobody was the ruler of a kingdom called Nothing.
Nobody eventually became weary of being in charge of Nothing. He called upon an evil Sorcerer that owed him a favor (?) and told him (all male cast) how bored he was.
     The Sorcerers eyes became narrow slits as he reached into one of his rather long sleeves, pulling out a small jeweled box and handing it to King Nobody with a warning that the tiny box contained “everything.”
     As a good fairytale would have it, the Sorcerer was cursed in that he could not open the box himself, but knew that the bored King would one day open it. After all, the King might become the first ruler of “everything“. Well….. that went badly, but on the bright side, the evil Sorcerer lived happily ever after.  ~ John B.

    The Startiness and Stopiness of Time

    The first fraction of a second that time began was really, really busy!
Using the Planck Time scale, measuring time in trillionths of a second, Big Bang theorist calculate that several epochs took place before you could bat an eyelash. While matter was going through leisurely changes that would take billions of years to arrive at this point, time had to first continue to continue, (unlike my snow blower) and then be uniform in progression from the instant it came into being. I think time still resents matter for this very unequal burden.
  There is also this grand assumption that time won’t stop and start at random, even though The Big Bang Theory states that time started spontaneously. Here is a small analogy of what could happen if time was as spontaneous and ephemeral as they seem to portray it.
     The Scenario: Over the River and through the Woods, by Lydia Marie Child, 1844. The family bundles up, hitches up the dappled grey mare and heads out to Grandmother’s house that just happens to be over the river and through the woods on a bright blue winter’s day.
     The sleigh bells are jingling and they are almost across the bridge when time stops for 100,000 years. It then starts up seamlessly and on they go. As they enter the woods, time stops again for 35,000 years, then starts again instantly. They arrive all gay and rosy cheeked and everyone has turkey and pie. The joyful trip took 135,000 years and 32 minutes.

 CSI: Universe

     The Scenario: Bob shuts his front door at 8:02 AM. It sticks. Bob opens it again, then slams it shut. This time the lock clicks properly. Down in his dark and damp basement, the weakened gas line develops a major crack. Two hours and 14 minutes later the sleepy little neighborhood is covered with chards of Bob’s house. Cheryl arrives home to find a twisted aluminum window frame in her yard and pieces of fiberglass insulation high up in her trees. This is a complete mystery until the couple next door tells her of the major incident.
     By mid-afternoon insurance agents and fire department investigators, with clipboards in hand, comb the scene and interview area residents. Clues everywhere! The debris field was consistent with that of a gas line explosion. The debris was consistent with that of a house. Now, if they had no idea of what a house looked like, they might have concluded that the 7 ft. X 16 ft. pile that they had collected was roughly the size of the thing that blew up. If they had no clues whatsoever, because this event happened 14 billion years ago and the pieces were still drifting out, they might now conclude that this debris field originated from an infinitesimally small spot.
  The origin of the universe is low on information and high on conjecture, providing only a meager number of clues for the curious to investigate. This lack of data however, has produced an amazing amount of baseless assumptions.

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis proponents state that nuclear fusion took place in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, producing deuterium, helium-3, helium-4 lithium-6 and lithium-7 with no elements heavier than beryllium.
  Theoretical uncertainties have been observed in the over abundances of deuterium and far less than expected lithium-7. Cosmic Ray Spallation was proposed to have created the excessive amounts of deuterium, but Spallation does not however produce the amount of deuterium in the Cosmos that exists in excess of the ratio calculated by primordial nucleosynthesis. They are still working on the ‘Lithium Problem’. The patch that they found was to add some Dark Matter into the universal mix. Dark Energy and Dark Matter, by the way, is the Hamburger Helper of the Big Bang Theory.
    The expansion of matter in The Big Bang model is smooth, isotropic and homogeneous. My Super Mass Collision theory would suggest that the event was cataclysmic like a freight train collision, throwing lumps and chunks of dense matter everywhere into this mix. These heavier elements may have already been present in the accretion disks of the very first newly forming stars, as well as the mysterious Dark Matter that permeates the known Universe. The Big Bang Theory makes you wait around until some stars explode to get your denser elements from Stellar Nucleosynthesis. Note: A watched star never explodes, so relax and busy yourself with other things.

  My ‘Super Mass Collision’ Theory of the Universe

    First off, time is eternal. Just ask Aristotle. Time would have to be present for ‘All There Is’ to condense into one itty bitty spot even if The Big Bang Theory were mostly true.
     Secondly, the vacuum of space is eternal and, as has been said before, is an excellent place for something to expand into.
Gravity is the force eternal that collects and holds all things together. Gravity has no mass and no known limits.
Even things flying apart will eventual slow and be pulled toward larger amounts of matter. Even huge clusters of matter are also slowly pulled toward the lesser amount of matter.
      If you remove the constraints of time and space suddenly happening, then you increase, tenfold the possibilities of what matter might have been up to that caused what we know to be the Big Bang. Matter is in no hurry and collects as it darn well pleases.
  The scene begins in space, with an enormous amount of matter (a Super Mass) that is dense, completely dark and for countless eons of time has been traveling about mutually attracted toward clusters of matter and devouring them. There may be countless amounts of these mega clusters out there. Eating stray galactic clusters would be a common occurrence.
     Now this full, fat and happy Super Mass feels a tug on it that it has never felt before. It’s something almost as big as itself! As they gain speed towards each other, a third smaller mass may be also drawn into the fray.
      The high-speed collision of these mega clusters may be what they assume to be the Big Bang. Any stars and galaxies outside of the big bang were most likely consumed long before the collision. The third mega cluster arrives 14 billion years late to the party, but now has gained tremendous speed from the massive gravitational pull of the two former mega clusters. It should eventually slingshot through our galactic collection with little loss of momentum. If it is still outside our known universe, it may be the Great Attractor that is confusing the Cosmologist. The fate of this theoretical third mega cluster may have a multitude of outcomes over spans of time that we have no measure for.

      These are the basic suppositions of My Super Mass Collision Theory of the Universe.

1. That time is eternal, with no beginning or end.
2. That space is endless and boundless in all directions and did not start and will not end.
3. That our observable Universe is the result of a collision of two or more super massive objects.
4. That this event occurred approximately 13.7 billion years ago, as has been extrapolated back, based on the current cosmic expansion rate calculations. My theory is in agreement on this particular point in time, but that this was a collision of super-massive objects.
5. That this cosmic expansion was caused by an explosive collision and not an anomalous, isotropic and homogeneous expansion from an infinitely small spot, one billionth the size of an atom.
6. That super massive objects emit no visible light, do to their internal gravitational pull. The inside is very bright.
7. That these super massive collisions are normal over a broad expanse of space and time and currently too far away to be seen, or are mistaken for quasars or one of our billions of galaxies.
8. That other super massive objects attracted to and arriving after the initial explosive expansion will: a. continue through the expansion, and depart with a small increase in mass and a great increase in speed, b. experience a change of course resulting in a new trajectory as it passes near the super massive collision, c. collide with the explosive expansion early on, collecting a lot of material, but slowing down to a point that it will eventually return.
9. That these Super Mass Collisions belong to a not yet researched category of events far above the nuclear level.
10. That if there is an insufficient amount of energy to allow matter to leave the gravitational pull of the mass collision, the original material may return to the source of the collision and: a. become a source for future collisions or; b. explode again from the mass returning from all directions.
11. That the size and speed of the colliding masses is inversely proportional to the amount of matter that remains after a collision.
12. Dark Matter is matter stemming from our local Super Mass Collision and will be the residue of any Super Mass Collision.

 The Anatomy of a Super Mass Collision

​1. Limitless time, endless space, abundant matter and the pull of gravity allow matter to condense into super massive collections.

2. Two or more of these Super Masses, drawn together with ever increasing speed, collide.

3. The shock of this collision causes massive collapsing of intermolecular forces releasing their electromagnetic fields.

4. The explosive release of densely packed subatomic particles shocks surrounding atoms into doing the same.

5. The vacuum of space provides no impedance to this process.

6. The newly created electromagnetic shockwave, expanding in all directions, pulls along with it the newly released subatomic particles. An excellent push/pull combination of events.

7. Colliding super masses would not likely have the same mass to energy ratios, so each collision throughout the cosmos would likely have characteristic differences.

Nit-Picking the Big Bang Theory

      I hope that my “I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him” ~ Wm. Shakespeare approach to this long-standing theory hasn’t seemed too harsh. This is a short list of issues I have with the Big Bang Theory.
     When the principle calculations of a theory tend to have all or nothing results, this raises a red flag with me. It’s like having a gas gauge in your car that reads either full or empty.
     Cosmic event theories like the Planck Epoch lasting a trillionth of a second; all of the billions of galaxies coming out of a spot a billion times smaller than an atom; that there was no space before this; that time happened to start at the same time; and last but not least, all that we see is all that there is, makes me feel like a five year old that should be amazed by a magician that just pulled a coin from behind my ear.
     Also, how ‘All That Is’ migrated to, then jammed itself into this teensy weensy spot before time and space began is puzzling enough. This was before gravity separated itself from other forces of nature, as proposed in the Grand Unification Epoch, so no help there. I feel sorry for the last little particle that had to shoehorn its way in.
     Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, due to its short time frame, puts a cap on how much baryonic matter that the unfolding universe can produce. There seems to be way more baryonic matter than the theory allows. This is the mysterious Dark Matter.
  In my Super Mass Collision Theory, two or more masses colliding is a very dusty business. It will produce all the baryonic and non-baryonic dark matter you need.
     Gravity is supposed to have separated from the other three (gauge) forces of nature at the start of second epoch, the Grand Unification Epoch. Enter Albert Einstein’s Gravitational Time Dilation effect.
     This is a premise of General Relativity that time moves slower related to the proximity of gravitational fields. The more intense, the slower time moves. Time Dilation was confirmed in the Pound-Rebka experiment. This is why Global Positioning Systems (GPS) satellites have to constantly update their onboard atomic clocks.
     So… the Big Bang starts, time starts. A trillionth of a second later, in the next epoch, gravity is released like a flock of doves at an expensive wedding. Now, you have time and gravity. Not just gravity, you have all of the gravity from all the matter in one spot!
  I can forgive the Planck Epoch’s use of Planck Time as a constant here, because gravity was still supposed to have been tangled up with the other forces of nature, but after it sprung free at the start of the next Epoch, shouldn’t have Gravitational Time Dilation 1.0 taken over? Wouldn’t then a trillionth of a second turn into a month of Sunday’s or at least a nanosecond? Seriously? Maybe the gravitational effect of 100 billion galaxies in a teacup could slow time and movement to nearly a standstill. I don’t see this effect considered in any Big Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations, so far.
  As a side effect, Time Dilation might have allowed for the creation of a more than expected amount of baryonic matter.

Vice Vs. Versa

     Let’s reverse the Big Bang process to see if the events seem any more or less peculiar:
1. All the billions of galaxies with billions of stars start returning to their original flashpoint. Instantly or over billions of years.
2. Space starts collapsing too, gathering every stray crumb of matter with it.
3. At the final gathering before the collapse, the temperature hovers around 90 to 110 billion degrees Kelvin.
4. A trillionth of a second later its gone. Really all gone, gone? Nope.
It’s just a billionth the size of an atom.
5. Sadly, space is gone. The last molecule into the tiny spot must have switched off time too.
6. All of the Big Bang Theory Universe is back in that miniscule spot, as before. It’s now in some kind of limbo, like waiting for your tax return.
7. Everything now depends on some sort of trigger mechanism, like an imbalance or something.
8. The big difference, this time is that ’All There Is” has a vast amount of potential energy that wasn’t known to be present before, because before time and space began matter or energy had no way of gathering there.
  In summation, I think the main attraction to this theory is its pristine nature. It’s not like getting a clean slate, it’s like getting a new chalkboard, and a fresh box of chalk or markers.
With the Big Bang you get all new material, not the old, continuously recycled matter like my theory suggests.

   My Galactic Engine Theory

     A galaxy is an amazing, gravity bound, electromagnetic engine.
The scary black hole is the galaxies’ recycling center. It also doubles as an internal mass regulator or governor. Most galaxies formed the classic spiral shape as gravity pulled in matter from its region. Galaxies forming in more turbulent areas or with outside influences, gave us a variety of shapes and sizes. A galaxy is as close to a perpetual motion machine as you can get.
The center of spiral galaxies are continuously drawing in and breaking down baryonic and non-baryonic star matter into their component parts.
     The dynamics of the black hole inside produced a tremendous thermionic emission potential. That, coupled with the cold of space that is a superconductor, ions and electrons are ready to be ejected over great distances, even to add fresh material as far as the spiral tips and beyond.
     Example: If you had a device that could squeeze a grapefruit evenly at 500 psi, then you suddenly released 100 lbs. of it from a small spot, top and bottom, you would have a lot of clean up to do.
     The motion of a hundred billion stars, planets and dark matter spiraling around the galactic arms polarizes the demand for drawing out matter.
This would complete the flow of particles, inducing a galaxy wide electromagnetic field. Having a more even distribution of electrically charged particles, it would account for the halo effect observed around galaxies.
     In spite of all the bad press that black holes get, they are an essential part of a galaxy. Matter flowing in from the galactic arms is being reprocessed and then sprayed out in fountains of particles, like with Zen navigation, always ending up where they need to be.
When new galaxies condense in a more turbulent fashion or have a rapid influx of material, they become what I call lumpy. As this greater than usual mass of material eventually enters the galactic core, the spiral arms have no demand for this much material, so the excess particles are jetted out north and south, relatively perpendicular to the galactic plane. These are called Polar Jets. This extra matter may never return to this galaxy. A less drastic event, or series of smaller events might end up just temporarily increasing the size of the galaxies halo until it is reabsorbed more evenly into the body, galactic. This is how the self-regulating black hole operates. It is a vital part of the system and not just an extra item.

  A Self-Regulating Cosmos

   Since we have upgraded time and space to something more than a hat trick, we are faced with something bigger than we can fully comprehend. The universe did not wait until a certain time to start, especially until it suits our calculations. Super massive objects have always and will always collide. If this process ceased to be functional, it would have died out a way long time ago.
  At the heart of this straight forward process is Albert Einstein’s
E = mc2
     This marvelously balanced formula is free of any specifics or minutiae you have to fudge to get a result. You just need to enter your mass and speed of light squared, and the energy released is revealed, or vice versa. Here is a great site for calculating this formula at: www.1728.org/einstein.htm
     My general assumption here is that for the Super Mass Collision that we have labeled ’the Universe’, to have happened right in the middle of eternity, things have had to stay in a relative balance until now. Simply, at the smaller energy levels, matter wouldn’t overcome the force of gravity and the material from a Small Mass Collision will return fairly soon to its original point of impact, but now as a larger mass. A series of small mass accumulations, over time, would lead to a larger collective.  At a Medium Mass Collision, there would be a ratio of mass returning and mass that found something better to do.
     At the extreme end of Super Mass Collisions, most of the matter would have no difficulty attaining escape velocity, seeking out new adventures in the cosmos. Maybe eons in the future, the galaxies that were formed this way, will feel something in the black void gently reaching out to them.

Gravitational Linking

     My premise here is that super massive collections of matter can, eventually gather up groupings of material that may be too distant otherwise.
     Our main mass here may be so far from another mass that it has weak or no influence over it. The scenario would be:
“I can’t fix that parking ticket for you, but I know someone who can”
     In short, super massive object A is way too far from object C to have any influence at all. Enter object B. B is not exactly between them but feels the gravitational attraction of both of them. Just fold your arms and wait and, barring outside influences, all three will eventually be drawn together.
     Electromagnetism, plus this ‘Gravitational Linking Effect’, may be what (through trillions of combinations of this occurrence) binds two common size stars together, that are 100,000 light years away from each other, across a galaxy, such as ours.

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  In Summation

   I find joy in the infinite possibilities that creation lays before us.
The ‘Mass Collision Theories’ set forth herein are mine. They are introduced in the attempt to find a more ‘Sensible Universe’ than ideas already commonly accepted. If they don’t fit your ideas or beliefs, and you prefer a smaller more manageable universe, you are welcome to discard them. If they spark your imagination to better ideas, I am happy for you.

     Thank You ~ John Bowers

This article is to compare and contrast My Universe Theory with the set of assumptions that is The Big Bang Theory. It states that, along with a blizzard of precise calculations, that a random explosion occurred that also spawned energy, matter, space and time.

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The Universe, to its greater glory, is eternal. It always has been, and it always will be. We live on a finite world with an excellent view of the cosmos. Space and time are limitless, which is hard for many to truly grasp this concept.

The Big Bang Theory and my Super Mass Collision Theory have a lot in common, except for one big difference. They say The Big Bang. I say A Big Bang.

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Here are the nuts & bolts of my theory (the life cycle of a Super Mass collision):

The endless universe has limitless amounts of energy and matter, abundant in some areas and sparse in others.

As we can see, in our observations of the known universe, energy and matter tend to cluster. Gravity has no known limit to its reach.

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We begin in a more abundant area of energy and matter, say a few trillion light-years (in any direction) from our observable universe. Matter has mass and is therefore subject to the attraction of other matter. As a mass gradually attracts local mass, it's influence on more distant objects slowly increases too.

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     Issac Newton: The force of gravitation is proportional to the product of the object's masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

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 Smaller mass clusters tend to move faster towards larger ones. It speeds up the process if a few hundred galaxies from a neighboring big bang zip through.

The massive cluster eventually becomes a super mass that eats galaxies, whose added mass greatly increases the super masses gravitational range.

This super mass has (long ago) ingested everything in its reach dwarfing everything. There is only one thing that can cause any major disruption.

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The fatal flaw: This is one of those "be careful what you wish for" things.

Somewhere, in the inky blackness, something starts to feel a feeble attraction over a great distance. Over a great many millennia, the super mass and the unknown mass start moving toward each other. The gathering speed and their relative mass will determine when and where they will collide and the energy released. More on the order of massive black holes, you won't see them converging. Super masses, like black holes, would tend to keep their photons, so they must be very bright inside.

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The newly detected mass is also a super mass. When they eventually collide, the collective speed and mass will cause “all hell to break loose.” This will, more or less, mirror our current Big Bang.

If only a small percentage of the masses convert to energy upon contact, the explosive energy release would be (was) enormous.

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This may explain the phenomenon known as dark energy, dark matter or cosmic dust, due to the bulk of the mass not converting to energy. Also, there might be more than two masses colliding, or a mass with another orbiting it that struck the main mass at relatively the same time. There may be hundreds of combinations to consider.

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This type of collision also speeds up galaxy formation, because it doesn't have to start all over as only hydrogen atoms, like The Big Bang says it has to. No mass in my theory starts as pristine material. It is all recycled. A Super Mass Collision is a dusty, dirty business. ~ John Bowers

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